{"id":582,"date":"2023-12-09T17:58:11","date_gmt":"2023-12-09T17:58:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/borm-md.com\/?p=582"},"modified":"2023-12-09T17:58:41","modified_gmt":"2023-12-09T17:58:41","slug":"%d0%b3%d0%be%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4-%d0%b1%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b5%d1%80%d1%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/borm-md.com\/?p=582","title":{"rendered":"\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0411\u0435\u043d\u0434\u00e9\u0440\u044b (\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0434. \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0434\u00e9\u0440, \u0443\u043a\u0440. \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0434\u00e9\u0440\u0438, \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b. Bend\u00e9ry; \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u2013 \u0433\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c), \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u044e\u0433\u043e-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443 \u0414\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430. \u041a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440, \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0414\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435, \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0437\u0435\u043b \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438. 105 010 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 (2004). \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 1408 \u0433. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 XVI \u0432. \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412 1709\u20131713 \u0433\u0433., \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0448\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b XII. \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d XVIII\u2013XIX \u0432\u0432. \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0434\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b (1770, 1789, 1806). \u041f\u043e \u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0443 1812 \u0433. \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0411\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0451\u043d \u043a \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u0421 1818 \u0433. \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434. \u0412 1918\u20131940 \u0433\u0433. \u043e\u043a\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0420\u0443\u043c\u044b\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439, 28 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044f 1940 \u0433. \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0451\u043d \u0441 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420. \u0412 1941\u20131944 \u0433\u0433. \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u043c\u044b\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b. 23 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1944 \u0433. \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0451\u043d \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0421 1990 \u0433. \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0421\u0420 (\u0441 1991 \u2013 \u041f\u041c\u0420). \u041b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c 1992 \u0433. \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b. \u0412 \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c: \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041a. \u041a. \u0413\u0435\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0446 (1872\u20131932), \u041b. \u0421. \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0433 (1876\u20131950), \u0415. \u041a. \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 (1910\u20131981); \u0417\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0451\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 \u0421. \u0410. \u0428\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 (1898\u20131943); \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u0421. \u0418. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439 (1907\u20131945). \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 (1986), \u041e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 (\u041f\u041c\u0420, 1995), \u041e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0421\u0443\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 II \u0441\u0442. (\u041f\u041c\u0420, 2008), \u041e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d \u00ab\u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0446\u00bb II \u0441\u0442. (2008).<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 1989 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u043e 138040 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440 &#8212; 3814 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 2,8 %.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0411\u0435\u043d\u0434\u00e9\u0440\u044b (\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0434. \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0434\u00e9\u0440, \u0443\u043a\u0440. \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0434\u00e9\u0440\u0438, \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b. Bend\u00e9ry; \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u2013 \u0433\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c), \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u044e\u0433\u043e-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443 \u0414\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430. \u041a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440, \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0414\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435, \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0437\u0435\u043b \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438. 105 010 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 (2004). \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 1408 \u0433. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 XVI \u0432. \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class='heateorSssClear'><\/div><div  class='heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing' data-heateor-sss-href='https:\/\/borm-md.com\/?p=582'><div class='heateor_sss_sharing_title' style=\"font-weight:bold\" >\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/div><div class=\"heateor_sss_sharing_ul\"><a aria-label=\"Facebook\" class=\"heateor_sss_facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fborm-md.com%2Findex.php%3Frest_route%3D%252Fwp%252Fv2%252Fposts%252F582\" title=\"Facebook\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle\"><span class=\"heateor_sss_svg\" style=\"background-color:#0765FE;width:35px;height:35px;border-radius:5px;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box\"><svg style=\"display:block;\" focusable=\"false\" aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\"><path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M28 16c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12S4 9.373 4 16c0 5.628 3.875 10.35 9.101 11.647v-7.98h-2.474V16H13.1v-1.58c0-4.085 1.849-5.978 5.859-5.978.76 0 2.072.15 2.608.298v3.325c-.283-.03-.775-.045-1.386-.045-1.967 0-2.728.745-2.728 2.683V16h3.92l-.673 3.667h-3.247v8.245C23.395 27.195 28 22.135 28 16Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"heateorSssClear\"><\/div><\/div><div class='heateorSssClear'><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-21"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/borm-md.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/582","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/borm-md.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/borm-md.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/borm-md.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/borm-md.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=582"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/borm-md.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/582\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":584,"href":"https:\/\/borm-md.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/582\/revisions\/584"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/borm-md.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/borm-md.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/borm-md.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}